Run-Pass Options give the quarterback a post-snap read to hand off, keep, or throw based on a defender's reaction. It's become the most common concept in modern football.
Overview
RPO (Run-Pass Option) combines a run play with a pass concept, allowing the quarterback to choose based on how a specific defender reacts post-snap. If the defender plays the run, throw it. If he covers the pass, hand it off.
The concept works because it puts a defender in an impossible bind. He cannot cover both the run and pass simultaneously. This creates a guaranteed numbers advantage for the offense.
RPOs have revolutionized football at all levels, evolving from simple bubble screens paired with zone runs to complex route combinations with multiple reads.
History & Origin
While elements existed earlier, Rich Rodriguez popularized pairing run plays with quick passes at West Virginia. The concept exploded in popularity in the 2010s as offenses sought ways to attack disciplined defenses.
Key Principles
- 1Run play paired with pass concept
- 2QB reads a specific defender post-snap
- 3If defender plays run, throw the pass
- 4If defender covers pass, hand off
- 5Creates guaranteed numbers advantage
- 6Offensive line must block "run" to avoid illegal man downfield
- 7Quick decision required from QB
When to Use
RPOs are effective in almost any situation but work best against teams that struggle with assignment discipline. They're particularly effective on early downs and in the red zone.
Pros & Cons
Advantages
- +Creates numbers advantage
- +Puts defenders in conflict
- +Simple read for quarterback
- +Works against any coverage
- +Multiple variations available
Disadvantages
- −OL must stay behind LOS (illegal man)
- −Requires QB decision-making ability
- −Can be disrupted by disguised coverages
- −Limited blocking on pass if OL commits to run
What Coaches Call It
Different coaches use different terminology for the same concepts.
| Coach | Team | Their Term | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lincoln Riley | USC | RPO | Extensive usage |
| Chip Kelly | — | Run/Pass | Option built into plays |
| Matt Rhule | — | Run-Pass Option | Full terminology |
Matchups
Good Against
- +Undisciplined defenses
- +Heavy boxes
- +Teams that guess
- +Man coverage
Avoid Against
- −Pattern-matching zones
- −Disciplined read defenders
- −Pressure that disrupts timing
Installation
What You Need
Prerequisites for running this scheme effectively.
- ✓QB who can read and throw quickly
- ✓OL aware of LOS rules
- ✓WR who can run on-time routes
When NOT to Use This
- !OL downfield penalties can negate plays
- !Requires precise timing
- !Can become predictable